PTU Syllabus M.Sc. (Medical Lab Technology) (MSCMLT)
PTU or Punjab Technical University offers BSc & MSc in Medical Lab Technology through Distance Education Mode. Students who wish to make their career in Medical Lab Technology can opt for PTU BSc MLT or MSc MLT course.
PTU offers these courses to the distance education students at a very reasonable fee which is affordable. The course study material is also provided by PTU for MSc MLT and BSc MLT courses which is excellent and written by experts mainly doctors and people with extensive expereince in the field of Medical Lab Technology.
PTU Syllabus Msc MLT
M.Sc. (Medical Lab Technology) (MSCMLT) 2014
SEMESTER I
MSCMLT-101: Human Anatomy & Physiology
Unit I
Cell structure, division & function
Cell organelles
Tissue: Types of tissues and their functions
Skeletal system
Unit II
Digestive system: Physiology and anatomy of mouth, stomach, intestine
Absorption of food and its excretion
Role of Bile in digestion and excretion
Liver function and a brief description of liver and biliary tree
Unit III
Respiratory system: Brief description of larynx, bronchi, lungs
Cardiovascular system: Anatomy and Physiology of heart, arteries and veins
Circulation: Systematic and pulmonary (in brief)
Brief review of chambers
Unit IV
Urinary system: Structure and Function of the Kidney, utrus, bladder, urethra and nephron
Give special emphasis on formation of Urine
Physiology and Anatomy of male and female reproductive organs
Endocrine: Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals and pancreas
Unit V
Central nervous system: Brain, spinal cord and meninges explain with its functions
Skins: Structure and Functions
Study and give small project on bones and cartilages
HLA system
.
SEMESTER I
MSCMLT-104: Basic Clinical Pathology
Introduction to Histology, the cell, cell Organelles, nucleus, cell division, tissues, fresh & fixed tissues.
Different types of Embedding Viz. Wax, Resin, Cryostat etc. Basic Cytology
Fixation of tissue, different kind of fixatives, sample fixative, compound fixative, formaldehyde,
mercusic chloride, osmium, Picric acid, alcohols, other acids, formaline, buffered fomaline, osmic
acid, zenleer soln, he;ly’s soln, cytological fixatives, nuclear fixatives, fixation of smear etc.,
decalcification, method of decalcification, assessment of decalcification, soln for decalcification.
Processing of tissue, dehydration, impregnation in the wax, manual and automatic tissue processor,
gelatin embedding, celloidin embedding, double embedding, cytological fixatives, preparation of
different smears, vaginal, sputum, membrane.
Microtome, instrument, principle, use in section cutting, parts and working of commonly used
microtome, different kinds of microtome, rotary, base sledge, sliding, low temperature microtome,
cryostat, microtome knives, homing and stropping knives.
Section cutting of paraffin sections, section preparation from frozen sections, fixing of tissue to slide,
preparation of celloidin section and fixation. Staining techniques, natural dyes, synthetic dyes, basic
and acidic dyes, haematoxylin staining, Pap, flucker & Conn
neelsen’s stain, propylene glycol sudan
orange technique.
SEMESTER I
MSCMLT-105: Introductory Biology
Unit I
Living World
Biology & Its Branches; relationships with other sciences; scientific methods in Biology;
historical breakthroughs; scope of biology and career options; role of Biology in dispelling
myths and misbelieves; characters of living organisms, (elementary idea of metabolism,
transfer of energy at molecular level, open and closed systems, omoeostasis, growth and
reproduction, adaptation, survival, death).
Origin and evolution of life - theories of evolution; evidence of evolution; sources of variations
( mutation, recombination, genetic drift, migration, natural selection); concept of species;
specification and isolation (geographical and reproductive); origin of species.
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Unit II
Diversity of Life
Variety of living organisms, Systematic; need, history and types of classification (artificial,
natural, polygenetic); biosystematics; binomial nomenclature; Two kingdom system, Five
kingdom System, their merits and demerits, status of bacteria and virus; botanical gardens and
herbia; zoological parks and museums.
Unit III
Cell and Cell Division
Cell as a basic unit of life - discovery of cell, cell theory, cell as a self - contained unit;
procaryotic and eukaryotic cell; unicellular and multicellular organisms; tools and techniques (
compound microscope, electron microscope and cell fractionation); Ultrastructure of
prokaryoytic and eukaryotic cell - cell wall, cell membrane - unit membrane concept (flauid
mosaic model); membrane transport; cellular movement (exocytosis, endocytosis); cell
organelles and their functions
- nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, endoplamasic reticulum, Gogli complex, lysosomes,
lysosomes, microtubules, centriole, vacuole, cytoskeleton,
cilia and flagella, ribosomes.
Molecules of cell; inorganic and organic materials - water, salt, mineral ions, carbohydrates,
lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nycleic acids (DNA and RNA);
Enzymes (Properties, chemical nature and mechanism of action); vitamins, hormones and
steroids.
Unit IV
Genetics
Continuity of life - heredity, variation; mendel's laws of inheritance, chromosomal basis of
inheritance; other patterns of inheritance - incomplete dominance, multiple allelism,
quantitative inheritance.
Chromosomes - bacterial cell and eukaryotic cell; parallelism between genes and
chromosomes; genome, linkage and crossing over; gene mapping; recombination; sex
chromosomes; sex determination; sex linked inheritance; mutation and chromosomal
aberrations; Human genetics - methods of study, genetic disorders.
DNA as a genetic material - its structure and repliaction; structure of RNA and its role in
protein synthesis; Gene expression - transcription and translation in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes; regulation of gene expression, induction and repression - housekeeping genes;
nuclear basis of differentiation and development; oncoenes.
Basics of Recombinant DNA technolgy; cloning; gene bank; DNA fingerprinting; genomics -
principles and applications, transgenic plants, animals and microbes.
Unit V
Morphology of Plants and Animals
Morphology - root, stem and leaf, their sturucture and modification; Inflorescence, flower,
fruit, seed and their types;Description of Poaceae, Liliaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae,
Brassicaceae and Asteraceae.
Morphology of animals - salient features of earthworm, cockroach and rat; tissue systems,
structure and function of tissues - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervious.
Practical
1. Study of parts of Compound Microsope
2. Study of mitosis in onion root tip and animal cell (grasshopper)
3. Study of meiosis in onion flower buds, and testis iof grasshopper.
4. Study of cyclosis in leaf cell of Hydrilla, or Tradescantia and in Paramoecium.
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5. Study of cell wall components ( cellulose, lignin, suberin and mucilage).
6. Study of mitochondria by staining with a Janus Green.
7. Study of specimens and their identification with reason - Bacteria, Oscillator, Spirogyra, Rhizopus,
mushroom/bracket fungi, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, Pinus, one monocotyledon, one dicotyledon and
lichens.
8. Study of characters of specimens and identification with reason - Amoeba, Hydra, Liver - Fluke,
Ascaris, Leech, Earthworm, Prawn, Silk moth honey bee, snail, Starfish, Dogfish, Rohu, Frog, Lizards,
Pigeon/ any other bird and rabbit/ any other mammal.
9. Study of squamous epithelium, muscle fibres, nerve cells and mammalian blood film through
temporary/permanent slides.
10. Study of external morphology of earthworm, cockroach, from and rat through models.
SEMESTER II
MSCMLT-201: Instrumentation
Unit – I
Mircoscope: Light, phase contrast, interference, fluorescence, polarization and electron microscopy (principle, parts and its
application)
Photometry: Basic principal UV-Vis spectrometry and colorimetry instrumentation and its application
Unit – II
Fluorimetry: Principal, Instrumentation and application
Electrophoresis: Principal, types and application ( agrose gel electrophoreses, starch gel and polyacrylamide
electrophoresis)
Unit – III
Centrifuge: Basic principle, type analytical and preparative centrifuges, different density gradient centrifuge and analytical
with its application
Blood analyzer: Principal, instrument and its application
Unit – IV
Microtome: Principal, instruments and its uses.
Incubator, hot air oven and autoclave: Principal, instrument and its application.
Unit – V
Radioactivity: Radioisotopes, half life units, Geeger Mueller counter, gamma counter and scintillation
PH meter (principle types, types of electrodes and application)
Practical:
Verification of Beer’s Law
Electrophoresis of protein – native and under denaturing condition.
Separation of sub cellular organelles by different centrifugation
Separation of blood cells by density gradient centrifugation
Handling and management of instruments
Estimation of blood urea creatinine uric acid, calcium and phosphorous
SEMESTER II
MSCMLT-202: Clinical Haematology
1 Red Blood Cells :
a. Normal morphology count
b. Isolation from whole blood & count
c. Effect on count & morophology of physiochemical parameters & the diseased state
d. Red cell anomalies & their relevance w.r.t normal & diseased state
2 Blood Transfusion :
a. Pre-requisitement & the complication of mis-matched transfusion
b. Methods of blood matching
3 White blood cells & platelets;-
a. Morphology count & methods of isolation
b. Effect on count & morophology of cell by the physiochemical parameters ,
diseased . State & the relevance of condition of the diseases
4 Anaemia’s, :
a. Definaation ( in general ) & courses
b. Types of anaemia & their classification
c. Physiochemical , characteristic features & eterology of a plastic anaemia,
haemoloytic,megaloblastic
d. linical features & diagonosis
5 Leukaemia
a. Definition (in general ) & their etrology
b. Classification of leukaemia
c. FAB classification
d. Etiologies ,physiochemical features of different Type of leukaeia,s with reference to
clinical states
e. Diagonosis of different types of leukaemias
6 Coagulation studies ;
a. General pathways ( intrinsic & extrinsic )
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b. Properties ( physiochemical ) mode of action of coagulation factors
c. Platelet studies ,platelet function tests ( for different Coagulation factors ) > Effect
of promoters & inhibitors at diff steps in coaguation,their solution & mode of
action
d. Diseases associated with coagulation disorders ,their etrology & characteristics
features.
7 Red Cell mass studies ;
a. Chemical method & radioactive methods
b. Red Cell function studies
SEMESTER II
MSCMLT-204: Lab Management
Ethics of the pathological clinics
Organization of a pathology laboratory under board of quality control
Personality development and patient relationship
Pathology reports writing
Computer application in pathological clinics
Accountancy in clinical pathology
Hospital Management
Operation ethics
Social ethics of pathology
Proper handling of instruments
SEMESTER II
MSCMLT-205: Practical
Instrumentation : 20 Marks
Clinical Haematology : 15 Marks
Blood Banking : 20 Marks
Lab Management : 20 Marks
Internal Assessment : 25 Marks
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SEMESTER III
MSCMLT-301: Bacteriology
Unit – I
Introduction, history and scope of microbiology
Contribution of Anatomy Von Leeuwenhook, Louis Pasteur. Alexender Fleming in the development of Microbiology
Morphology and ultrastructure of bacterial cell wall of eubacteria and archaebacteria cell membranes – structure,
composition and properties
Unit – II
Bacterial Nutrition: Nutritional groups, common nutritional requirements, growth factors.
Growth of bacteria under extreme conditions: Psychrophiles, thermophiles, halophiles and acidophiles
Bacterial reproduction: Binary fission and endospore formation
Unit – III
Mycoplasmas: General characteristics, structure and reproduction
Cyanobacteria: General characteristics, structure, reproduction and economic importance
Bacterial growth curve, generation time, growth Kinetics – Synchronous, Batch and continuous cultures Measurement of
growth and factors affecting growth.
Unit – IV
Chemical control of microorganims: Heat, Filtration and radiation
Sterilization of soaps , detergents and dyes.
Chemical control of microorganisms: halogens, phenol and phenolic compounds, heavy metals, alcohols, ethylene oxide,
aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide.
Unit – V
Basis of microbial classification. Classification and salient features of bacteria according to Bergey’s manual of determinative
bacteriology.
Kingdom fungi: Structure, reproduction and classification of fungi
General characteristics and life cycle of : Zygomycetes, Ascmycetes
Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
SEMESTER II
MSCMLT-302: Virology & Mycology
Unit – I
General morphology and ultra structure of Viruses: Capsids- Helical Symmetry, icosahedral symmetry and complex
symmetry.
Envelope: Glycoprotein and matrix protein
Viral genome: their types and structure
Unit – II
Cultivation of Viruses in embryonated eggs, experimental animals and cell culture: primary and secondary cell culture,
suspension cell culture and monolayer cell cultures.
Assays of viruses: physical and chemical methods of assays (protein nuclei acid, radioactivity traces, electrons microscopy,
plaque method, pock counting method, end point method and infectivity of plant viruses).
Serological methods: haemagglutination haemagglutinationinhibitation, complement fixation, immunofluroscence assays
(IFA) ELISA, RIA.
Unit – III
Plant viruses: Recent advances in classification of plant viruses
Life sciences and other details of TMV and mosaic virus, potato virus X
General idea about cyanophages, actinophages and mycoviruses.
Unit – IV
Bacterophages: Classification, Morphology and ultrastructure
One step growth curve ( Latent period, eclipse period and burst size)
Life cycle: Lytic and Lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages
Unit – V
Animal viruses; classification and nomenclature
Life cycles and other details of DNA viruses: herpes, adeno and SV40
Life cycle and other details of RNA viruses: Retroviruses, oncogenic viruses and lentiviruses (HIV), picorna, ortho myxo and
paramyxo.
MyCOLOGY
1. Classification of Fungi
2. Growth and isolation
3. Mycoses (all types)
4. Laboratory diagnosis of mycotic diseases.
5. Immunity in fungal diseases and value of immuno diagnosis.
6. Role of mycotoxin
7. Antifungal agents
8. Epidemiology of fungal diseases.
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SEMESTER II
MSCMLT-303: Parasitology
Unit I
(i) General principle of host parasite interaction and definitions of terms in this connection.
(ii) Classification of the parasitic protozoans.
(iii) Introduction to parasite host and Vectors. Morphology, life cycle and lab diagnosis of E-coli, Trichomonas
and Leishmania.
Unit II
(i) Classification of parasitic helminthes.
(ii) Morphology, life cycle and lab diagnosis of malarial parasite.
(iii) Morphology, life cycle and lab diagnosis of Ascaries and Taenia.
SEMESTER II
MSCMLT-304: Diagnostic Microbiology
1 Classification of bacteria
On bacilli of differential staining Gram,s Stain .( its modification ) ZN .Stain ( its modification
)
B ) On basis of their structure
2 Pre –remit of sample collections-general & disease specific their processing & storage
3 Identification of bacteria on basis of cultural characteristics ,morphological , & serological
features.
A) Staphylococcus & streptococcus including pneumonococci
B) Family Enterobacterical
C) Haemophilus bordetlla
D) Corynebacterium
E) Nessieria .Treponema
F) Leptospira ,mycoplasma,chlamydia & Trieagents
4 Identification of pathogenic & nonpathogenic fungi( Morphologically,biochemically
a) Yeast
b) Dermatophytes
c) Cryptocococci
d) Histoplasma
e) Nocardia
f) Common lab fungal contaminants
5 Characteristic diagnostic serological tests in diseases : Cholera,Typhoid,Tuberclosis ,VDRL,
,TPHA, Satellitism.ELISA, PCR.
6 Uerology
a)General morphology & ultra structure of virus and growth cycles.
b)Viral genome : Their types & symmetry.
c) Cultivation of virus in embryonated eggs, primary culture & secondary culture
d) Assay methods: Physical & chemical
e) Classification
1 On basic of structure
2 On basic of nuclear material
f) Clinical diagnosis serological techniques for identification of bacteria : TMV
Bacteriophages.HIV . SV 40 ,myxo & paramyxovirus
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SEMESTER II
MSCMLT-305: Practical
Bacteriology : 20 Marks
Virology & Mycology : 15 Marks
Parasitology : 20 Marks
Diagnostic Microbiology : 20 Marks
Internal Assessment : 25 Marks
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SEMESTER IV
MSCMLT-401: Immunology
Unit – I
Immune response: Immunity, Type (Innate & adaptive immune response)
Organs of Immune System: Primary and Secondary lymphoid organ
Ontogeny and phylogeny of Lymphocytes: T and B Lymphocyts, Null
Unit – II
Cell of Immune System: Mononuclear cell and granulocytes, Antigen presenting cell.
Antigen, Heptanes: Factors effecting immunogenicity,m epitopes (Properties of it)
Antibodies: Structure , Types and function
Unit – III
Complement System : Role of complement system in immune response, complements and Components and activation
pathways.
Monoclonal antibodies: Production characterization and applications in diagnosis, therapy and basic research.
Antigen-Antibody interaction, avidity & affinity measurement.
Unit – IV
Hypersensitivity: Definition, factor causing hypersensitivity
Common hypersensitivity reaction, types, classification based on the time taken for reaction
Auto Immune disease
Unit – V
Immunodiagnostics: Precipitation techniques, Agglutination, Fluoresence techniques
ELISA, RIA
Double diffusion and Immuno-electrophoresis.
Immunidiagnostics: VDRL test, Widal test, RA factor, Blood grouping, Rh typing, Comb’s test
SEMESTER IV
MSCMLT-402: Cytology
Cytological Staining
Cytological preparation with special emphasis on MGG, Pap stains
Cytological Fixatives
Cytological Screening
Quality Control in Cytology Lab
Collection of Various cytological specimens
Vagina (All types of smear)
Fluids (CSF, Ascitic, Pleural)
Urine (Millipore method)
Cervical Cytology
Basis of detection of malignant & premalignant testing
Hormonal assessment with cytological techniques, sex chromatins & Pregnancy test
Aspiration cytology principles, indications & utility of the techniques with special emphasis on role of
cyto-technician in FNAC System
SEMESTER IV
MSCMLT-403: Histopathology
Unit – I
Theory of Histopathology, Reception of specimens, Histopathology of Tumor cell
Histopathology of Liver, Kidney, Adrenal, Ovary, Testies
Method of preparing stains & Fixatives.
Unit – II
Theory of Tissue processing and embedding
Theory of H & E staining
Use of Microtome, Tissue section cutting
Unit – III
Embedding and preparation of blocks
Fixation of Tissue with DPX mount
Theory of frozen section preparation
Unit – IV
Preparation of smear for Fine needle aspiration cytology
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Pap’s smear theory and identification of cells in a normal vaginal smear
Stool examination: normal, abnormal constituent.
Unit – V
Normal and abnormal constituent of Urine
Normal and abnormal constituent of aminotic fluid
Normal and abnormal constituent of Semem analysis
SEMESTER IV
MSCMLT-404: Research Methodology & Techniques
Introduction to Research: Definition, Scope, Limitations, and Types.
Objectives of Research
Research Process
Research Designs
Data Collection: Secondary Data, Primary Data, and Methods of Collection.
Scaling Techniques: Concept, Types, Rating scales & Ranking Scales
Scale Construction Techniques, Multi Dimensional Scaling.
Sampling Designs: Concepts, Types and Techniques
Sample Size Decision
Theory of Estimation and Testing of Hypothesis
Small & Large Sample Tests, Tests of Significance based on t, F , Z test and Chi-Square Test.
Designing Questionnaire.
Interviewing.
Tabulation, Coding, Editing.
Interpretation and Report Writing.
SEMESTER IV
MSCMLT-405: Practical
Immunology : 20 Marks
Cytology : 15 Marks
Histopathology : 20 Marks
Research Methodology & Techniques : 20 Marks
Internal Assessment : 25 Marks
PTU/
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