Tuesday 20 September 2011

M.Sc. (Bioinformatics) (MSCBI) 2014

PTU is offering M.Sc. (Bioinformatics) (MSCBI) in Distance Education mode. This article provides you the complete syllabus of M.Sc. (Bioinformatics) (MSCBI)

PTU Syllabus M.Sc. (Bioinformatics) (MSCBI) 2014
SEMESTER I
MSCBI-101: Bioinformatics- 1
Computational analysis of protein sequence, structures and function. Sequence and structure
databases, visualization and modeling tools. Methods for pairwise alignment, discovery and
searching for remote homologous in protein sequence databases.
Construction of profile Hidden Markov models, including sequence weighting and Dirichlet mixture
priors. Multiple alignment of protein sequences. The prediction of secondary structure by neural
networks, hidden Markov models, and other methods.
Analysis of X-ray, NMR and mass spectrometry data. Models of protein structure. Protein threading
methods.
Computational methods for structure-structure alignment and prediction of function from
structure. Construction of protein structure models by homology. Ab initio prediction of protein
structure. Molecular dynamics models of protein structure and folding.
SEMESTER I
MSCBI-102: Biochemistry-I
A general overview for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in agricultural, biological,
chemical and nutritional sciences.
Chemistry of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and protein structure;
Enzymology; carbohydrate metabolism.
Metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids nucleotides and lipids; biosynthesis and molecular
relationships among DNA, RNA and proteins;
Genetic code.
Regulation of gene expression; selected topics in the molecular physiology of plants and animals.
SEMESTER I
MSCBI-103: Machine Learning
Algorithmic models of learning. Design, analysis, implementation, and applications of learning
algorithms.
Learning of concepts, classification rules, functions, relations, grammars, value functions, models,
skills, behaviors and programms. Agents that learn from observation, examples, instruction,
induction, imitation, deduction, reinforcement, and interaction.
Computational learning theory. Data mining and knowledge discovery using artificial neural
networks, decision trees, Bayesian learning, association rules, genetic algorithms, dimensionality
reduction, feature selection, and visualization.
Learning from heterogeneous, distributed, dynamic data and knowledge sources. Learning in multiagent
systems.
Selected applications in automated knowledge acquisition, pattern recognition, programm
synthesis, bioinformatics, and interest-based information systems.
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 137 / 144
SEMESTER I
MSCBI-104: Theory of Statistics and Genetic Statistics
Point estimation including maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes estimators, Bayesian and minimax
optimality, unbiasedness, sufficiency, completeness, Basu's theorem.
Convergence in probability, convergence in distribution, laws of large numbers, central limit
theorm.
Confidence intervals, prediction intervals; Hypothesis testing, Neyman-Pearson Lemma, uniformly
most powerful tests, likelihood ratio tests.
Bayesian interval estimation and tests. Nonparametric methods, bootstrap.
Probability applied to genetic systems; random matin; selection, mutation and migration; theory of
in breeding; effects of finite population size; basic concepts in quantitative genetics; prediction of
progress from artificial selection.
Sampling designs and experimental designs to obtain information from markers; detecting major
genes; linkage analysis and segregation analysis; finding alignments and similarities between DNA
sequences; constructing phylogenetic trees.
SEMESTER I
MSCBI-105: Communication and Soft Skills
UNIT I
Essentials of Grammar:
Parts of Speech
Punctuation
Vocabulary Building
Phonetics
UNIT II
Office Management:
Types of Correspondence
Receipt and Dispatch of Mail
Filing Systems
Classification of Mail.
Role & Function of Correspondence
MIS
Managing Computer
UNIT III
Letter & Resume Writing:
Types of Letters-Formal / Informal
Importance and Function
Drafting the Applications
Elements of Structure
Preparing the Resume
Do’s & Don’ts of Resume
Helpful Hints
UNIT IV
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 138 / 144
Presentation Skills:
Importance of Presentation Skills
Capturing Data
Voice & Picture Integration
Guidelines to make Presentation Interesting
Body Language
Voice Modulation
Audience Awareness
Presentation Plan
Visual Aids
Forms of Layout
Styles of Presentation.
UNIT V
Interview Preparation:
Types of Interview
Preparing for the Interviews
Attending the Interview
Interview Process
Employers Expectations
General Etiquette
Dressing Sense
Postures & Gestures
UNIT VI
Group Discussion & Presentation:
Definition
Process
Guidelines
Helpful Expressions
Evaluation
(Note: Every student shall be given 15 minutes. of presentation time & 45 minutes of discussion
on his/ her presentation.)
The student will be evaluated on the basis of :
􀂄 his / her presentation style
􀂄 Feedback of Faculty & Students
􀂄 General Etiquette
􀂄 Proficiency in Letter Drafting / Interview Preparation
􀂄 The paper is internal and at least 3 tests will be taken. Best 2 of 3 shall account for
final grades (70% Test & 30% Presentation)
SEMESTER I
MSCBI-106: Practical
Bioinformatics – 1 - 20 Marks
Biochemistry – 1 - 20 Marks
Machine Learning - 20Marks
Theory of Statistics and Genetic Statistics - 15 Marks
Internal Assessment: 25 Marks
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 139 / 144
SEMESTER II
MSCBI-201: Bioinformatics- 2
Genomics databases and analysis of high-through put genomics data sets including genomic DNA,
ESTs, SNPs, DNA micro array expression data, yeast 2-hybrid and other methods.
BLAST and related sequence comparison methods.
Pairwise alignment of biosequences by dynamic programming. Using Gibbs Sampling, expectationmaximinization,
and other statistical methods to discover common motifs in biosequences. Multiple
alignment and database search using motif models.
Methods for constructing phylogenetic trees. Hidden Markov models for finding genes and other
genomic features.
Discriminative methods for the analysis of bioinformatics data including generalized linear models,
neural networks and support vector machines.
Methods for locating genes and predicting gene function, including introduction to linkage analysis
and disease association studies using SNPs.
Methods for modeling the structure of DNA and RNA, including stochastic context-free grammars
and pseudo-energy minimization methods.
SEMESTER II
MSCBI-202: Biochemistry – 2
Chemical composition of living matter. Chemical composition of amino acids, proteins,
carbohydrates and lipids.
Enzymology and co-enzymes.
Metabolism of carbohydrates and biological oxidation.
Metabolism of lipids, aminoacids, and nucleotides and membrance biochemistry.
Biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins; gene regulation; (selected topics).
Structure and properties of Reactivity Biomolecules.
Physical Biochemistry.
Selected topics in physical chemistry in the context of applications to problems in biology,
biochemistry and food sciences. Not acceptable for credit toward a major in biochemistry or
biophysics.
Protein Chemistry-Physical Methods.
Protein structure determination as a means of understanding biological function.
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 140 / 144
SEMESTER II
MSCBI-203: Design and Analysis of Algorithms
Basic techniques for design and analysis of efficient algorithms. Sorting, searching, graph
algorithms, computational geometry, string processing and NP-completeness. Design techniques
such as dynamic programming and the greedy method.
Asymptotic, worstcase, average-case amortized analyses. Data structures including heaps, hash
tables binary search trees and red-black trees.
Programming projects.
A study of basic algorithm design and analysis techniques. Advanced data structures, amortized
analysis and randomized algorithms.
Applications to sorting, graphs, and geometry.
NP-completeness and approximation algorithms
SEMESTER II
MSCBI-204: Database Systems
Introduction to database concepts.
Data models.
Algebraic, first order calculus based, and user oriented query languages.
Data storage, access methods, query execution, and transaction management. Parallel and
distributed databases. Special purpose databases.
Information integration using data warehouses, mediators, wrappers, and data mining.
Oral and written reports.
SEMESTER II
MSCBI-205: Practical
Bioinformatics – 2 - 20 Marks
Biochemistry – 2 - 20 Marks
Design and Analysis of Algorithms - 15 Marks
Database Systems - 20 Marks
Internal Assessment: 25 Marks
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 141 / 144
SEMESTER III
MSCBI-301: Introduction to Data Structure for Biologists
An object-oriented approach to programming and data structures for biologic. Object-oriented
programming. Strings. Stacks. Queues. Recursion. Lists. Trees. Graphs. Sorting. Algorithm Analysis.
The course is designed to provide the fundamentals of data structures and programming for biology
students that already have basic programming skills.
SEMESTER III
MSCBI-302: Bio-computing and Computational Biology
Students will become familiar with use of arrange of programming skills useful for writing
bioinformatics software. They will gain experience of work in small groups and of linking together
different types of program to form a software package.
The UNIX operating system; PERL programming; Web authoring; relational databases; middle ware;
Corba. Assessment -Demonstration of software resulting from a group programming project.
Introduction to essential statistical and computational methods and tools in molecular biology
research. Emphasis will be on concepts and principles, combined with hands on (keyboard)
applications.
Topics include : molecular databases, score-based sequence analysis, amino acid substitution
scoring matrices, query search problems, dynamic programming and other methods for pairwise
sequence alignment, motif identification, multiple sequence alignment, construction of
phylogenetic trees from sequence data, gene structure prediction, protein structure prediction,
and selected current research topics.
SEMESTER III
MSCBI-303: Software Engineering
Introduction to the general principles of software engineering.
Covers current and classical topics from both practical and theoretical viewpoints.
Topics include software evolution, project management, software inspections, design methods,
requirements analysis and specification, software testing, maintenance, software implementation,
human interfaces, and software engineering experimentation.
SEMESTER III
MSCBI-304: Pharmacology
Drug metabolism & Pharmacogenetics.
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Statistical methdos in Pharmacology
Introduction to Research in Pharmacology.
Introduction to Pharmacoinformatics
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 142 / 144
SEMESTER III
MSCBI-305: Practical
Introduction to Data Structure for Biologists - 20 Marks
Biocomputing and Computational Biology - 20 Marks
Software Engineering - 20 Marks
Pharmacology - 15 Marks
Internal Assessment: 25 Marks
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 143 / 144
SEMESTER IV
MSCBI-401: Introduction to Java and Introductory Combinatorics
To introduce students to a modern programming language and help them gain sufficient fluency to
undertake research projects with a programming component; to lay the foundations for more advanced
study of object-oriented languages.
Objectives -to understand the basic concepts of programming; to learn the syntax and semantics of
Java; to be able to use a program development environment; to become familiar with some
fundamental algorithms and data structures.
Variables; arithmetic; input and output; operators and control statements; functions; arrays and
pointers; structures and strings; dynamic memory allocation; object-oriented programing.
Practical : Students will be expected to work their way through a set of pogramming exercises designed
to demonstrate various aspects of Java and object-oriented programming.
Permutations, combinations, binomial coefficients, inclusion-exclusion principle, discrete probability,
classical probability. Additional topics selected from recurrence relations, generating functions,
random walks, and Markov chains.
SEMESTER IV
MSCBI-402: Basic Research Skills
Objectives : This module is designed to provide a general appreciation of workplace and
communication skills pertinent to the biological and medical sciences and an understanding of some of
the legal constraints and requirements of biological/medical research. Inter-personal and personal
transferable skills will be given particular emphasis in an effort to better equip the student for the
workplace, as well as interaction with staff and students while attending their Masters course.
Assessment - Written essary presenting a topic related to Bioinformatics to a non-specialist reader.
Talk at a Student Symposium presenting an area of Bioinformatics to the rest of the class and other
members of the school.
SEMESTER IV
MSCBI-403: Computational Techniques for Genome Assembly and Analysis
This course focuses on practical sequence assembly and comparison techniques. It has a special
emphasison efficient techniques for processing raw and finished DNA sequences at the genome level.
Those techniques are increasingly important, as complete sequences are becoming available for animal
and plant genomes. Algorithms and software for assembly and analysis of genomes. Global alignment,
local alignment, overlapping alignment, baded alignment, linear-spaco alignment, word hashing, DNAprotein
alignment, DNA-cDN Aalignment, comparisation of two sets of sequences, construction of
contigs, generation of consensus sequences.
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 144 / 144
SEMESTER IV
MSCBI-404: Proteomics
Protein Sequence Comparison
Principles of Protein Structure Prediction
Protein Multiple Sequence Alignment
Automatics Structural Classification of Proteins
Protein Structural Comparison
Geometric Hashing, Rigid and Flexible Matching
Protein Folding
Methods of resolving Protein 3D Structures
SEMESTER III
MSCBI-505: Practical
Introduction to Java and Introductory Combinatorics - 20 Marks
Basic Research Skills - 20 Marks
Computational Techniques for Genome Assembly and Analysis - 20 Marks
Proteomics - 15 Marks
Internal Assessment: 25 Marks

PTU Syllabus M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (MSCBT) 2014

PTU Syllabus 2014
PTU offers number of courses in Distance Education mode. Courses in Biotechnology are getting very popular these days as number of Job opportunities are available for Biotech Professionals. PTU is offering M.Sc Biotechnology in Distance Education mode. You will find below the complete Syllabus for PTU M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (MSCBT) in Distance Education Mode.

PTU Syllabus M.Sc. (Biotechnology) (MSCBT)
SEMESTER I
MSCBT-101: Introductory Biology
1. Nature and Scope of Biology: Basis and origin of life, Living and non – living common
features of life process. Energy Transformation.
2. Kingdoms of life, or Biological Classification, species and population, Biotic community,
Biosphere.
3. Cell as a unit of life : Prokaryotic and Eukaryotics cell, Plant and animal cell, cell structure,
membrane organization and cell organelles. Cell function, cell division mitosis and meiosis, cell
cycle .
4. Introduction to Bio Molecules:
Structure and properties of mono, oliga and poly Saccharides
Structure and properties of fatty acids, glycerolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids.
Structures and Properties of amino acids peptides and protein.
Structure and properties of purines, Pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides,
polynucleotides, Ribonucleic acids and Deoxyribonucleic acids, nucleoprotein
complexes.
5. Metabolism: Introduction of Respiration and Photosynthesis.
SEMESTER I
MSCBT-102: Molecular Biology – I
Unit I:-Cell:- Cell organelles: Structure function, structure of mitochondria and organization of
respiratory chain, organization of cytoskeleton and nucleic.
Unit -II:- STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES OF DNA
Discovery of DNA as the genetic material, Structure of DNA (A,B&Z forms ), concept & definition of the
genome, C-value paradox, denaturation & renaturation of DNA, repetitive & non-repetitive DNA,
reassociation kinetics. Cot curve, Rot curve, chemical & kinetic complexitv of DNA, supercoiling in
DNA.
Unit -III :- PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC GENOME ORGANIZATION:-Organization of viral genome,
organization of bacterial genome, chromosome structure in eukaryotes, nucleosome model, chromatin
structure, satellite DNA, polytene chromosomes, lampbrush chromosomes, B chromosomes-Evolution
of the gene concept, definition of gene, interrupted genes, multigene families & pseudogenes,
overlapping genes, nested genes, open reading frames.
Unit-IV:-DNA REPLICATION:- General features of DNA replication in prokaryotes & eukaryotes,
enzymology of DNA replication, regulation of DNA replication
Unit-V:- GENE MUTATION, REPAIR & RECOMBINATION:-Definition & types of mutation, mutagenic
agents & their mode of action, reversion & suppression of mutation.
DNA repair mechanisms : light dependent repair, excision repair, mis-match repair Post-replication
repair, sos response.
DNA recombination mechanisms : holiiday model, Rec A, Rec BCD, gene conversion
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 122 / 144
SEMESTER I
MSCBT-103: Bioenergetics & Metabolism
Unit I
Introduction to Biochemistry, define Carbohydrate, nomenclature, classification, structure, chemistry and
properties.
Biological functions of carbohydrate.
Carbohydrate metabolism : Basic concept, glycolysis, kreb cycle, pentose phosphate pathway and
regulation.
Polysaccarides : Bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycans and glycolipid.
Unit II
Lipid : Define Lipid, nomenclature, classification structure, chemistry and properties.
Lipids with specific biological function. Lipoproteins and biological membrane, micelles and liposomes.
Lipid metabolism : Biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acid.
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes.
Unit III
Amino acid : Structure, classification, properties and function.
Methods for isolation and characterisation of protein. Chemical Synthesis of peptides; study of specific
protein like haemoglobin, myoglobin and plasma protein.
Protein : Classification and properties.
Fluorimetric method for determination of N-terminal amino acid.
Unit IV
Nucleic acid : Structure, chemistry and properties of purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides & nucleotides,
Polynucleotide.
Biosynthesis and degradation of purines and Pyrimidines.
Enzyme : Basic concept.
Vitamins and their deficiency.
Unit V
First and second laws of thermodynamics & concept of free energy.
High energy phospho Compounds, ATP cycle, structural basis of free energy during hydrolysis of ATP.
Hormones : Hormones receptors and intracellular messengers, Adenylate cyclase, Protein kinase and
phosphodiesterase.
Porphyrins : Classification and Structure.
SEMESTER I
MSCBT-104: Microbiology
U n i t - 1:- THE WORLD OF BACTERIA:-
General characteristics & classification of bacteria according to Bergey's manual of systematic
bacteriology.
Nutritional requirements & physical conditions necessary for cultivation of bacteria, properties of
bacteriological media.
Unit II:- HISTORY AND SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY:- Milestone in Microbiology- Recent
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 123 / 144
development and future trends.
Anatomy of Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes-Morphology-ultrastructure of Bacteria, Fungi, Algae,
Protozoa and Viruses.
Unit - III :- MICR0BIAL METABOLISM & STAINING TECHNIQUES
Classification of bacteria on the basis of their nutritional requirements, transport of substances
across membranes.
Procedure and principle involved in gram's staining, acid fast staining, flagella staining, endospore
staining.
Unit IV:- Microbial growth & nutrition :- Definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth,
measurement of growth field; synchronous growth, continuous culture, effect of environmental factor
on growth.
Unit V:- Microbial Ecology:- Rhizosphere, phylloplane & role of microorganism is productivity of
ecosystem. Interaction between microorganism, and with plants and animals. Biogeochemical cycle.
Microbes & bio-deterioration.
SEMESTER I
MSCBT-105: Biophysical Chemistry & Instrumentation
Unit I
Electronic theory of valency dipole moment. Electron displacement, electronic effect, resonance.
The hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interactions. Atomic theory and molecular orbital. Hybridization.
Free radicals in biological systems, antioxidants.
Isomerism : Structural and steroisomerism optical activity, meso compounds. Specific rotation, chirality,
chiral, enantiomers, conformation and configuration. Conformational analysis of monosacharides, boat
and chair forms, eclipsed. Mutarotion, glycosides epimers.
Unit II
Centrifugation : Principle, types, analytical and prepared centrifugation, differential density, gradient
centrifugation, sedimentation and coefficient centrifuge and its application.
Electrophoresis : Principles, types and application (paper, starch, gel polyacrylamide and agar
electrophoresis.
Chromatography : Principle type and application, (Paper, thin layer, gas ion exchange and molecular
sieve).
Affinity chromatography, HPLC, FPLC.
Unit III
Photometry : Basic Principle of UV-Vis spectrophotometry and colorimetry.
Fluorimetry : Principle, instrument and application.
Flame techniques, atomic absorbtion spectroscopy.
Isoelectric focusing and Isotachophoresis.
Unit IV
Microscopy : Light, phase contrast, interference and electron microscopy.
X-ray crystallography.
Radioactivity : Radioisotopes, half life, units. Geiger Mueller counter.
Scintillation ; Liquid, Crystal and gamma counter.
Unit V
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 124 / 144
ESR : Principle, instrumentation and its application.
NMR : Principle, instrumentation and its application.
ORD and CD : Principle, instrumentation and its application.
Polarimetry : Principle, instrumentation and its application.
INSTRUMENTATION PRACTICAL
Practical course of Semester I
Verification of Beer's law.
Determination of absorbtion maxima.
Electrophoresis of Proteins - native and under denaturing conditions.
Amino acid and carbohydrate separations by paper and thin layer chromatography.
Separation of blood cells by density gradient centrifugation.
Chromatographic method for seperation of macromolecules.
Separation of subcellular organelles by differential centrifugation.
Electrophoresis of DNA - linear, circular and super coiled.
SEMESTER I
MSCBT-106: Communication & Soft Skills
UNIT I
Essentials of Grammar:
Parts of Speech
Punctuation
Vocabulary Building
Phonetics
UNIT II
Office Management:
Types of Correspondence
Receipt and Dispatch of Mail
Filing Systems
Classification of Mail.
Role & Function of Correspondence
MIS
Managing Computer
UNIT III
Letter & Resume Writing:
Types of Letters-Formal / Informal
Importance and Function
Drafting the Applications
Elements of Structure
Preparing the Resume
Do’s & Don’ts of Resume
Helpful Hints
UNIT IV
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 125 / 144
Presentation Skills:
Importance of Presentation Skills
Capturing Data
Voice & Picture Integration
Guidelines to make Presentation Interesting
Body Language
Voice Modulation
Audience Awareness
Presentation Plan
Visual Aids
Forms of Layout
Styles of Presentation.
UNIT V
Interview Preparation:
Types of Interview
Preparing for the Interviews
Attending the Interview
Interview Process
Employers Expectations
General Etiquette
Dressing Sense
Postures & Gestures
UNIT VI
Group Discussion & Presentation:
Definition
Process
Guidelines
Helpful Expressions
Evaluation
(Note: Every student shall be given 15 minutes. of presentation time & 45 minutes of discussion
on his/ her presentation.)
The student will be evaluated on the basis of :
􀂄 his / her presentation style
􀂄 Feedback of Faculty & Students
􀂄 General Etiquette
􀂄 Proficiency in Letter Drafting / Interview Preparation
􀂄 The paper is internal and at least 3 tests will be taken. Best 2 of 3 shall account for
final grades (70% Test & 30% Presentation)
SEMESTER I
MSCBT-107: Practical
Introductory Biology : 15 Marks
Molecular Biology – I : 15 Marks
Bioenergetics & Metabolism : 15 Marks
Microbiology : 15 Marks
Biophysical Chemistry & Instrumentation : 15 Marks
Internal Assessment : 25 Marks
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 126 / 144
SEMESTER II
MSCBT-201: ENZYMOLOGY & ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
Unit I
(i) Enzyme: Historical aspects, nomenclature and classification.
(ii) General properties of enzymes and the factors that affect their activity and the
associated changes.
(iii)Extraction assay and purification of enzymes.
(iv)Sub-cellular localization and organization of enzymes
Unit II
(i) Enzyme kinetics (steady state), determination of Km value and studying, kinetics
using, Lineweaver-Burke plot, Eadie Hofstee plot "and: IHans-Woolf equations.
(ii) Enzyme inhibitors-Presteady state kinetics-fast kinetics to elucidate the intermediate and rate
limiting steps (flow and relaxation techniques)Complex kinetics and analysis.
(iii) Allosteric enzyme.
(iv) Rapid reaction techniques.
Unit III
(i) Enzyme specifity- Evidences for enzyme substrate complex Nucleophilic and electrophilic attack -
Role of metal ions in enzyme catalysis.
(ii) Mechanism of enzyme action - (lysozyme, chymotrypsin), DNA polymerase, .Rnase etc.
zymogens and enzyme actiyators, active site determination.
(iii) Regulations of enzymes
(iv) Allosteric interactions and product inhibition.
Unit IV
(i) Coenzyrnes
(ii) Isoenzymes & metalloenzymes .
(iii) Membrance bound enzymes-their extraction assay.
(iv)Lipid-protein interaction and the effect of fluidity on enzyme activity.
Unit V
(i)Immobilisation ; Principle, kinetics of immobilised systems.
(ii)Enzyme immobilisation : Principle, method, activity and application.
(iii.) Effect of immobilization on : activity, kinetics parameters and stability
(iv)Application of immobilized enzyme.
Practical
Q1. Study of transduction, transformation, conjugation in E.coli.
Q2. Study of mutation is E.coli.
Q3. Assay of Enzyme activity.
Q4. Kinetic studies on enzyme.
Q5. Alkaline phorphatase estimation.
Q6. Elisa test
Q7. Immobilization of Enzymes.
Q8. Urease estimation by colorimetric method.
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 127 / 144
SEMESTER II
MSCBT-202: BINFORMATICS
Overview of Bio-Informatics- Database types, sequence database-nucleotide and protein sequence
database, primary and secondary database, Gene Bank, Structure database-protein Data Bank (PDB),
Visualization of structural information, Genomics and the genome. Project sequencing and sequence
assembling using computers.
SEMESTER II
MSCBT-203: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-II
Unit - I :- TRANSPOSABLE GENETIC ELEMENTS
Discovery & definition of transposons, simple transposons ( IS elements ), composite transposons (Tn3,
Tn5, Tn9, TnlO ), Ac/Ds elements in maize, P elements in drosophila, Retxotransposons, mechanisms of
transposition.
Unit II:- Gene Expression:- Structure, classes & function of RNA. RNA transcription and
processing in Eukaryotes and prokaryotes genetic code and protein synthesis Transcription and
translational controls.
Unit III:- Regulation of Gene Expression- The operon concept regulatory gene, promoter gene, operator
gene and structural gene, role of CAMP and CRP in gene expression, catabotite repression, induces,
repressor corepressor. Brief account of Eukaryotic gene expression (Britson & Davidson model). Protein
localization: synthesis of secretary and membrane protein.
Unit IV:- Gene as unit of Mutation & Recombination :-
Physical and Chemical Basis of Mutation: Mechanism of mutagenesis, Mutation of DNA & protein levels.
Recombination is Bacteria - Transformation, transduction and conjugation, mechanism of gene transfer
and application.
Unit V:- Oncogenes and their properties ; classification, characteristics and significance in development,
Differentiation and Carcinogens . An overview of Apoptosis its phases and significance, Apoptosis in
pathogenesis & therapeutic implication.
Practical
Ql. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacterial cells.
Q2. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacterial cells.
Q3. Isolation of genomic DNA from plant cells.
Q4. Transformation ofCaCl2
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 128 / 144
SEMESTER II
MSCBT-204: GENETIC ENGINEERING
Unit I
Core techniques in gene manipulation ; Cloning strategies ; Construction of-gene libraries; Probe
construction; recombinant selection and screening -DNA sequencing, RFLP, DNA finger printing;
Expression analysis; sequencing mutagenesis Engineering genes; Polymerase chain reaction;
Ligase chain reaction.
Unit II
Expression systems and their applications; Production of protein from
cloned genes; gene cloning in research, medicine and agriculture; Intellectual
Property Rights (1PR) and patents, biosafety, containment facilities for
Genetic Engineering experiments. Regulations on field experiments and
release of GMO's (Genetically Modified Organisms), labelling of GM
(Genetically Modified) Foods. '
Unit III
E.Coli vectors - Plasmid biology - pBR 322 and its derivatives - gene markers. Cloning vectors for gramnegative
bacteria & phage - filamentous phages - Cosmid - phasmid. Cloning in Gram - Positive bacteria
Bacillus subtilis - transformation techniques.
Unit IV
Gene expression in eukaryotes - Cloning in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics - life cycle - types
of vectors - gene expression system. Eukaryotic Vectors - SV40 - molecular genetics - markers
- expression system. Cloning and gene expression in Streptomyces.
Specialised cloning vectors for cDNA - synthesis of specific RNA in vitro- selection of vectors for copy
number - cloning promoters and Terminators.
Unit V
Plant cloning vectors - Agrobacterium turnefaciens - Ti piasmids -molecular genetics and gene
expression. Animal cell cloning; vectors - Baculoviruses - mammalian expression, vectors. -
retroviral vectors
Expression vectors - vectors for fusion protein - promoters - translation
proteases - gene fusion - secretion - modification and protein refolding -inducible - constitutive
expression cassettes.
Practical
Q1. Study of transduction, transformation, conjugation in E.coli.
Q2. Study of mutation is E.coli.
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 129 / 144
SEMESTER II
MSCBT-205: PRACTICAL
Enzymology & Enzyme Technology - 20 Marks
Bioinformatics - 15 Marks
Molecular Biology – II - 20 Marks
Genetic Engineering - 20 Marks
Internal Assessment - 25 Marks
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 130 / 144
SEMESTER III
MSCBT-301: Immunology
Unit I
Immune response : Type of Immunity, Antigens and haptens.
Anatomy of lymphoid organs; primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
Immunoglobulin Structure, function and synthesis, memory cells lymphocyte differentiation.
Cell of the immune system : Mononuclear cells and granulocytes, Lymphocytes and their subsets.
Unit II
Biology of complement systems : structure and function of MHC class I & II molecules.
Antigen recognition and presentation, cell mediated immune responses.
Hypersensitivity reactions; Immune suppression and Immune Tolerance immune disorders,
Transplanation.
Role of complement system in immune responses.
Unit III
Antigen - Isolation, purification and characterization of various antigens and haptens from pathogens
and other biological molecules by biophysical and chemical and affinity separation methods.
Production of antibodies, purification of antibodies, Quantitation of immunoglobulin by RID, EID and
nephlometry. Hybridoma and monoclonal antibody production.
Immuno-diagnosis and Applications of monoclonal antibodies in biomedical research; human
monoclonal antibodies, Catalytic antibodies; complement fixation test; assessment of immune complex
in tissues.
Unit IV
Purification of mononuclear from peripheral blood; isolation and characterization of T cell subsets; B
cells and macrophages.
Fluroescent Activated cell sorter (FACS); Mitogen and Antigen induced Lymphoproliferation assay. Cell
mediated Lympholysis; Mixed Lymphocyte reaction.
Assessment of delayed hypersensitivity reactions; Macrophage cultures.
Assay for Macrophage activation; Isolation of dendritic cells; In situ and in vivo characterization of cells
from tissues; Generation of T cell HLA typing.
Unit V
Cytokines : Structure and functions, Cytokine receptors, Biology and assay of cytokiness. Cytotoxic
Tcells and thir mechanism of action, NK cells and mechanism of target cell destruction. Vaccine
technology including DNA vaccines; identification of T & B epitopes for vaccine developments,
Immunotechnology and infectious diseases. Immunoscreening of recombinant library.
Practical
Ql. Blood film preperation and identification of cells.
Q2.Seperation of serum proteins by electrophoresis.
Q3.Study of antigen and antibody interaction by double diffusion method.
Q4. Study of antigen and antibody interaction by immuno-electrophoresis.
Q5. Study of antigen and antibody interaction by counter-current immuno-electrophoresis.
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 131 / 144
SEMESTER III
MSCBT-302: Plant Biotechnology
Plant genome organisation, structure of representative plant genes and gene families in plants -
Organisation of chloroplast genome, nuclear encoded and chloroplast encoded genes for
chloroplast proteins, targeting of oroteins to chloroplast - Organisation of mitochondria!
genome - encoded genes for mitochondrial proteins - RNA editing for plant mitochondria
-cytoplasmic male sterility - Seed storage proteins - maize transposabie elements, their
organisation and function, transposabie elements in transgenic plants - Regulation of
gene expression in plant development -Plant hormones and phytochrome.
Unit II
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes by Rhizobia - Nitrogen fixation in Cyanophyta. the biochemistry,
molecular biology and gene rearrangement. Agrobacterium and crown gall tumors - Mechanism of TDNA
transfer to plants, Ti plasmid vectors and its utility - Classification and molecular biology of plant
viruses - Molecular biology of -plant stress response. Transgenic plants and applications vaccine and
other biological developments.
Unit III
Genetic engineering in plants, selectable' markets, reporter genes and promoter used in plants by
physical means - Genetic engineering of plants for construction of genome libraries and CDNA libraries,
Molecular breeding.
Practical
Preparation of fissure culture medium for plants
Preparation of single cell suspension from spleen or thymus & plants.
Protoplast fusion.
Cell counting & cell viability .
Callus Propagation, organogensis, transfer of plant to soil.
SEMESTER III
MSCBT-303: Environmental Biotechnology
Unit-I
Environment: basic concepts and issues ; environmental pollution : types and methods for the
measurement; methodology of environmental management- problem solving approach, its limitations;
air pollution and its control through biotechnology, air sampling techniques; biodiversity : conservation
and management.
Unit - II
Water pollution and its control: water as a scarce natural resource, need for water management,
sources and measurement of water pollution, waste water treatment-physical, chemical and biological
treatment processes; algal blooms and human health.
Unit-III
Microbiology of waste water treatments : aerobic process- activated sludge, oxidation switches,
trickling filter, towers, rotating discs, rotating drums, oxidation ponds; anaerobic processes- anaerobic
digestion, anaerobic filters, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors;
treatment schemes for waste waters of dairy, distillery, tannery industries; biotechnological
applications of microbes from extreme environment.
Unit-IV
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 132 / 144
Microbial degradation of xenobiotics in the environment - ecological considerations, decay behaviour &
degradative plasmids, hydrocarbons, substituted hydrocarbons, oil pollution, surfactants,
pesticides; bioaccumulation of metals and radio-nuclerds and detoxification ; bioremediation.
Unit-V
Biological N2 fixation, H2 production, biofertilizers and biopesticides; solid wastes: sources and
management (composting, wormiculture and methane production). Single cell protein (Spin/Una,
yeast, mushroom); global environmental problems- ozone depletion, UV-B, green house effect and acid
rain, their impact and. biotechnological approaches for
Practical
Isolation of industrially important microorganism for microbial processes.
Determination of thermal death point (TDP) and thermal death time (TDT) of microorganism for design of
a sterilizer.
Comparative study of Ethanol production using different substrate .
SEMESTER III
MSCBT-304: Bioprocess Engineering & Technology
Unit-I
Introduction to bioprocess engineering, bioreactors, isolation, preservation and maintenance of industrial
microorganisms; kinetic of microbial growth and death; media for industrial fermentation, air and media
sterilization.
Unit - II
Types of fermentation processes, analysis of batch, fed-batch and continuous bio-reactides, stability of
microbial reactors, analysis of mixed microbial populations, specialized bioreactors (pulsed, fluidized,
photobioreactors etc.); measurement and control of bioprocess parameters.
Unit - III
Downstream processing: introduction, removal of microbial cells and solid matter, foam reparation,
precipitation/filtration, centrifugation, cell disruptions, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography; membrane
process, drying and crystallization; effluent treatment- D.O.C. and C.O.D. treatment and disposal of
effluents; whole cell immobilization and their industrial applications.
Unit - IV
Industrial production of chemicals: alcohol (ethanol), acids (citric acetic and gluconic) solvents, (glycerol
acetone butenol) , antibiotics (penicillin), amino acids (lysine), single cell-protein.
Unit - V
Use of Microbes in mineral beneficiation and oil recovery; Introduction to food technology: Elementary
idea of canning and packing, sterilization and pasteurization of food products, technology of typical food /
food products( Bread, Cheese, Idli ), food Preservation.
Practical
Isolation of antibiotic producing microorganism from soil.
Use of alginate for cell immobilization.
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 133 / 144
Detection of coli—for determination of purity of potable w—.
Determination of COD/BOD for a sewage sample.
Determination of the efficiency of removal of air. Pollutant by using air samples.
Test for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbon by bacteria.
SEMESTER III
MSCBT-305: Practical
Immunology : 20 Marks
Plant Bio-Technology : 15 Marks
Environmental Biotechnology : 20 Marks
Bioprocess Engineering & Technology : 20 Marks
Internal Assessment : 25 Marks
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 134 / 144
SEMESTER IV
MSCBT-401: Biostatistics
Unit I:- Introduction:- definition, scope and limitation of biostatistics; concept of variables in biological
systems; collection, classification, tabulation, graphical diagrammatic representation of data, Measures
of central tendency (arithmetic, harmonic & geometric), median and mode; confidence limit of
population mean.
Unit II:- Measure of dispersion: range, standard deviation variance, coefficient of variation; definitionand
basic properties of probability, normal and binomial distribution function, test of significance,
hypothesis, error, level of significance; t-statistics: test that a population mean equals a specified
value, paired 't' test.
Unit III:- F-statistics: one way analysis of variance (sample size equal and unequal), chi-square
statistics, test of goodness of fit, test of independence of factor; co-relation and its coefficient/ linear
regression and its coefficient regression equation & its diagram.
Unit IV:- Introduction to data base concept, introduction to internet and its application, introduction to
MS office software, covering word processing, spreadsheets, introduction to hardware graphics.
Unit V:- Computer oriented statistical techniques by using Excel; frequency table of single discrete
variable, computation of mean, variance and standard deviation;
SEMESTER IV
MSCBT-402: Animal Biotechnology
Unit - I
Basic principles of Biotechnology as applicable to animal Science -
Artificial Insemination, pregnancy diagnosis, In-vitro fertilization - Embryo
Transfer Technology - Transgenic Animals.
Unit - II
Animal Cell culture - Applications
in Animal biotechnology. Bio hazard and Biosecurity in Animal Biotechnology-
Ethical aspects in Animal Biotechnology.
Unit - III
Biofueling and Control technology. Bioremediation. Use transgenic technology to study fish growth
and development
Unit IV
Genetic engineering and ploidy manipulation to enhance grow reproduction and
development of disease resistance in aquaculture species. Cryobiology in Marine germplasm
preservation Pharmaceuticals from marine organisms.
SEMESTER IV
MSCBT-403: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Unit I
Production recombinant pharmaceuticals :
Recombinant insulin
Human Growth factor synthesis
Recombinant factor VIII
Unit II
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 135 / 144
Synthesis of :
Recombinant vaccine
Recombine Protein
Live recombinant vaccine
Unit III
Identification of genes responsible for human disease.
Breast cancer
Autosomal dominant and recessive disorders.
X-linked disorders.
Unit IV
Gene therapy of somatic cell.
Genetic Manipulation of Grem cell.
Unit V
Prospects and
Ethics of gene therapy
SEMESTER IV
MSCBT-404: Research Methodology
Introduction to Research: Definition, Scope, Limitations, and Types.
Objectives of Research
Research Process
Research Designs
Data Collection: Secondary Data, Primary Data, and Methods of Collection.
Scaling Techniques: Concept, Types, Rating scales & Ranking Scales
Scale Construction Techniques, Multi Dimensional Scaling.
Sampling Designs: Concepts, Types and Techniques
Sample Size Decision
Theory of Estimation and Testing of Hypothesis
Small & Large Sample Tests, Tests of Significance based on t, F , Z test and Chi-Square Test.
Designing Questionnaire.
Interviewing.
Tabulation, Coding, Editing.
Interpretation and Report Writing.
SEMESTER IV
MSCBT-405: Practical / Training
Biostatistics : 20 Marks
Animal Biotechnology : 20 Marks
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology : 15 Marks
Research Methodology : 20 Marks
Internal Assessment: 25 Marks
PTU/DEP/Paramedical/September 2005/Detailed Syllabus
Paramedical Syllabus Manual : 136 / 144

Search This Blog

More Information about Punjab